Technology And Management Of Masafi - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1562 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Masafi is the leading producer of beverages like pure natural mineral water, juices, and other drinking articles in the gulfs. It was established in the year 1976 which is having a paid-up capital of around five and a half million dollars it is a unique brand which has been holding the market for the past 29 years. Masafi has now become the generic name for mineral and bottled drinks around the entire reign. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Technology And Management Of Masafi" essay for you Create order Due to its pure and natural freshness in the products Masafi has gained the fame of producing world class products. Masafi wants to gain the leadership of the entire market by increasing the quality of its products to some more extend which will further increase its quantity by the process of continuous innovative marketing, reinvestment and marketing. Masafi is about family; about the natural goodness in this precious world; about well-being, so ultimately the purpose of masafi is to provide nourishment for the present time and also in the future. Masafi contains a total of 51 percent market share in Dubai and 46 percent market share of United Arab Emirates. Masafi exports its product to Japan, Europe, Asia and Africa. It is a kind of brand which has always looked towards future for excellence and strategies and still many of its projects are in the pipeline for future launching of its unique products. Masafi is holding the record of being the first natural mineral water manufacturi ng company of United Arab Emirates to receive the NFS certificate by the NFS international. The masafi plant can manufacture more than 120,000 bottles in an hour. It is equipped with its own testing lab for water analysis. Masafi has always performed its role to the welfare of the environment very seriously thats why these days recyclable bottles are being produced by the company. In its history of 28 years masafi has supported and sponsored many international events held in Dubai which has proven to increase the visibility of its brands in local region, even regionally and even at international level. Even it has won many prices for its eco-friendly bottles and its supreme quality drinks. (Masafi Products) over view of the retail presence in U.A.E: Not only its quality but also the sales of the company is also increasing day by day to its tremendous quality which is increasing day by day and is one of the most important cause of increase in the number of the customers. Masafi is the market leader for beverages in United Arab Emirates. Since ruling in this market has made to pass almost more than 20 years and now it has holded the markets of other countries also. Besides being the leading product that delivers to the consumers need and necessity, its portfolio contains tissues, mineral water, masafi flavored water, masafi juices, and masafi potato chips. Its mineral water comes in the bottles of 300ml, 500ml, 1 liter, 1.5 liter. Its four gallon bottles are recyclable and are only for one time use. Its flavored drinks are available in UAE in five flavors like jasmine, mint, strawberry, and lemon and peach. The juices of masafi contain no preservatives, no artificial sweetener, and no added sugar and are 101% natural in taste an d manufacture. Masafi has shown a tremendous growth of around 17 percent in its companys net profit. Not only this masafi is known to be the only in gulf and the third party certifier for the boiled water. As per the rise in the companys profit the revenue of the company has also increased to a total of 230 to 275 million YTD recorded till date. connection between the company and its stores: It is the policy or can say the prior need of the company to have a good relation between the company and its outlets or the stores. Almost all of the beverages stores in Dubai or in almost all of the Emirates have maximum products of this company its all due to its extreme sales and that is due to the quality of the product which is improving day by day. As per the researches done by the Emirates research center the increasing product sale of the company is at an extreme rate it needs to show certain changes or can say improvement in its production speed so as to make up with its sales ratio. As per the internet sources the company is growing with 40% ratio every 10 years. As per the records of the sales of beverages of masafi it sells around more than one lack of mineral bottles per day and around 12,000 bottles of juices per day including the sales reports from all its retail stores. The best example for the services of this company can be taken from one of the most famous and w ell known scandals of this company where the company received some complains from its customers about the visible impurity in the bottles of this company as soon as the company heard this in no time all the bottles form all the outlets and the retail stores were backed by the company in no time and even in a day or two these infected bottles were exchanged by the fresh ones thus this shows the activeness and the sincerity of the company which increased its reputation among the retail outlets and even its customers. Thus all these activities have made the company even more firms in its decisions. (Masafi Co. LLC., 1996) operational decisions: The increasing market of the company has made the company to think about how to control its increasing positions because although it is difficult to reach at the top but it is more difficult to maintain the same position further after. Thus the company has started to work hard on its zero stock outs and its on time delivery of orders. At present the maturity level of the company is not enough to give such feed backs so company has to bring some changes in its administrative level it has to adopt certain means or new policies in the company so as to bring the desired outputs. The company should open at least two more factories in certain other parts of the country where the company takes a lot of time to make reach its goods this will not only make the transportation easy but the most important reason for this is to tackle the increasing pressure on its older factory which is now finding difficulties in carrying the loads of the market and due to this problem only the on time del ivery of goods is not possible so this attempt will decrease the pressure and will solve the problem for the on time delivery of the goods and the nearer factories will save the transportation coasts also leading to the more profit for the company Secondly, the company should organize every year few meeting or just an annual meet for its employees and the owners of the various outlets and the retailers. There the company can discuss how to do their remaining journey together so as to maintain their profit there they can also discuss about their problems for the policy of zero stock out as if the outlet owners will show active participation in this the problems can be solved for no zero stock outs Learning from the other foreign countries and their way of preventing zero stock outs by the means of online connections of the company with its outlets and the retailers where the company is connected online by all the outlets in it all the data of sold items is maintained so decreas e in any of the product will be fulfilled by the company before The company should opt for the target system like the retailer or the outlet owner who has maintained zero-stock out will be given a special hamper like a car or certain costly items which will influence the owners to keep a record of its brought and sold items which will avoid zero stock outs. Special goods delivery team should be made so as to act or respond on the orders of the outlets quickly for this the company should make new recruitments of the locals of that area who are well aware of all the ways. So these small decisions will fulfill the dreams for zero stock out and the on time delivery of the companys products analysis: All the informations mentioned above were really not as easy to find as they look almost all the sites of masafi were visited and the required facts about the company were taken for the processing, not only this all the facts present on internet were squeezed and informations were taken out even a ten minutes meeting was also organized with the regional manager of the company which cleared many of our doubts. The reason for quoting the above mentioned lines were that the distribution of the companys product is increasing and so the sales should also thus its number of factories should increase. Due to the increasing benefits of the company has made the employees irresponsible so annual meetings should be organized before a setback to the company again. Due to the increasing stores and factories and work the staff should also increase else increase of work load will decrease the performance of the employees. So all these efforts will surly fulfill the dreams of the company for ze ro-stock outs and the on time delivery of products.

Society s Effect On Society - 1419 Words

Society has a set way of perceiving everyone in the world. There are set things and places in which we all â€Å"belong† to and if we do not fit that then we somehow find ourselves isolated from the normal population. People dream and long for the day where they can fulfill the â€Å"American† dream where they settle down with someone of the opposite gender, fall in love, get married, and eventually try for a baby. People wait for nine-months of long and hard obstacles to finally meet their baby boy or baby girl. One cannot help but have a certain mindset already placed for each gender that they are expecting. Many people are going to want to the choice to identify with what they are comfortable with due to the fact that it helps define them for who†¦show more content†¦Both these concepts are developed and shaped the moment we are born. Gender identity is not the only component that people will use to identify themselves. There are five different components wh en it comes to how one will identify themselves in our society. Gender identity is how we identify themselves whereas there is gender expression which how we look or express ourselves. The next component are the sex we are assigned at birth which is either female or male, but some may decide to identify as something else with that comes with the next component which is who we are sexually attracted to. We may be born a male and society may tell us we have to like women but in the end we can be more sexually attracted to a male while being emotionally attracted to a women. There are many different aspects in which one will choose to identify themselves as which gives people more open space to choose what they are comfortable with. In our society, there are set characteristics that classify one as either feminine or masculine. Masculine is someone who is manly, has the ability to do heavy-duty work, who shows no emotions, and often times the person who is the breadwinner. A man who is found being a little bit of feminine such that they love to watch romantic movies or are interested in flower arrangement may be labeled as gay just because he does not have masculine aspects. This can cause a person to fake their way into making their environment believe that they are whatShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Technology On Society s Society1092 Words   |  5 PagesWell, how about a day without bullying, depression, and impolite people? Now that is a day most would probably wish for. Society wants to have causes these wretched events, but doesn’t want to accept that what they want is the main cause of these issues; technology. The lack of interaction that has come along with technology is what is causing severe down falls in today’s society. 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Women To The Status Of A “Second Class Citizen” Free Essays

It is undeniable that women, in general, have suffered all sorts of discrimination and have been treated poorly by every society around the world for as long as history has been recorded. All countries in the world have announced their support to equal rights for women. Yet, on a daily basis, various forms of discrimination and violence against females take place around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Women To The Status Of A â€Å"Second Class Citizen† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes, men install glass ceilings to separate women, which prevent them from moving up in their careers. Sometimes, it is manifested through salaries with women being paid less than men. Discriminatory laws and social norms, which give preference to men in different fields, also reduce women to the status of a â€Å"second class citizen†. Most societies have a patriarchal system, which governs relations between men and women. Patriarchy, which literally means the rule of the men, is a social system where men play the dominant role. It also means that men are seen as the heads of households. In patriarchal societies millions of women are forced to deal with different forms of discrimination and abuses at their work places and in their homes. Women take a subordinate or second-class role. This is usually reinforced through the following systems: 1. The economic system Men are regarded as breadwinners and therefore paid more than women. Women perform unpaid labour such as rearing children. With regards to property and inheritance rights, women are often discriminated against. 2. Culture and social norms and religious Culture is everything in society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted. For example, gender roles and certain types of behavior are learned and allocated to men and women – boys don’t cry, men must protect ‘their’ girls and women, men are the heads of households and so forth. Girls must be kind and nurturing, not aggressive or too pushy. Gender refers to the social system, which governs the relations between men and women. It is the different roles that societies prescribe for men and women. Unlike sex, which is biological, gender is determined by a given society’s values and norms, the social, political and economic system. So a man’s sex determines that he cannot have babies, but it is his gender role in most societies that determines that he should not feed babies and change nappies. Gender roles are cultural and culture is something that changes over time. The social role men play is linked to power and control and many people in our communities see it as part of the social order (the way things should be). Women can be good as a doctor but not a manager or president. Women are the top students in university but men professor are in majority. Some think that the feelings of superiority by men can be traced back to the biblical times of Adam and Eve as Adam was created in God’s image and Eve came from Adam. 3. Political systems Men write and pass the law. Until as late as the 1970’s, women were not allowed to vote in many countries, it also went without saying that governments, big business and international institutions were run mostly by men. Amazingly, many studies have shown that women who are subjected to violence and abuse are from all segments of society, including those from well-educated and well-off social classes. Yet, they don’t speak about it because of shame, fear or out of concern that it would negatively affect their social status. Societies and women alike share the blame for the situation by accepting the abuse and, in some cases, justifying it. On the other hand, women activists say that many females, regardless of their education, feel â€Å"insulted† when activists speak to them about the need to end the abuse they are being subjected to. It is common knowledge that almost every language and culture tends to be male-dominated though believe me women do have a part to play some times ago my cousin gave birth to her second child a second girl so i tell my friend about it and she says â€Å"oh the poor parent’s a second girl† i was applauded What the hell is that supposed to mean when both of us are second girls in the family. It’s truly a thing we as women need to improve who cares what the men think. How to cite Women To The Status Of A â€Å"Second Class Citizen†, Papers

Multiculturalism in the United States Essay Example For Students

Multiculturalism in the United States Essay Who is an American? This question is very difficult to answer. According to the Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary the definition is: American: adj. 1. Pertaining to the United States of America. 2. pertaining to North or South America. -n 1.a citizen of the United States. 2. an inhabitant of America. This definition is still unclear. What is to pertain? According to the same source: Pertain: v. 1. have reference; relate 2. belong as an adjunct, function, quality, etc. pertaining to having to do with; belonging or relating to. After reading these definitions I figured out that an American is someone who belongs, is related or has something to do with the United States of America. But it is still difficult to know who is an American. I believe that this difficulty has to do with the multiculturalism that exists in this country. The United States doesnt have a unique culture. In fact it is the worlds most multicultural country. The country has a lot of different cultures, and not one is similar to the others. No culture is better or worse than another. USA is different from other countries because that in this country are living representatives of all cultures. It is normal to meet people from all over the world in most every city; what is not normal is the idea of understanding that a lot of people are Americans, people born and raised in the US. These citizens might not seem to be Americans, but they are as American as any American. Ronald Takaki in his essay, An Educated and Cultural Literate Person Must Study Americas Multicultural Reality, gives an excellent example of what I meant when I said that some citizens might not seem to be American. Takaki was born in Hawaii, one of the 50 states. After graduating from high school, he decided to study on the mainland. He recalls that a lot of the students and even professors asked him how long he had been in America, and where did he learned to speak English. His answer was that he had been born in the US and that his family had been there for three generations (Takaki 486). As the world is changing, people have to realize that Multiculturalism is a part of the United States. Americans have to accept and be proud of their heritages. According to Kenneth T. Jackson in his article Too Many Have Let Enthusiasm Outrun Reason, everybody is responsible to maintain the culture . .. the maintenance of distinctive cultures should be the function of synagogues, churches, music festivals, ethnic celebrations, and, most especially, dinner tables. The public schools should emphasize common traditions and common values (Jackson 485). Linda Chavez in her article, Demystifying Multiculturalism, states what could happen in the future. She says that . .. America must be multicultural. And it is becoming more so everyday as new immigrants bring their cultures with them (Chavez 491). She also points out what is happening with multiculturalism when she says that In the multiculturalists world view, African Americans, Puerto Ricans or Chinese Americans living in New York City have more in common with persons of their ancestral group living in Lagos or San Juan or Hong Kong than they do with other New Yorkers who are white (Chavez 491). Multiculturalism is generating a lot of interest among concerned people in the United States. Americans are becoming more aware of the importance of multiculturalism in the country. Both the public and private sectors are focusing more time, money and energy in the spread of information about various cultures. For example the beneficiary of spread of multiculturalism will be the United States of America because the country will be more powerful and united. .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 , .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .postImageUrl , .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 , .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064:hover , .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064:visited , .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064:active { border:0!important; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064:active , .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064 .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3dde99652003b05b8fadc8dab21e064:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Immigration Experience EssayWhite Americans are beginning to understand that they are not the only owners of the United States. They are a part of it, and they have to get used to sharing privileges and disadvantages with other American citizens of different ethnic backgrounds. They also have to get used to calling other people Americans, even if for them they dont seem to be. If white Americans interact with other cultures they will help their country to unite as one nation.My definition of an American .

Abortion Essays (920 words) - Complex, Freudian Psychology, Incest

Abortion Preciousness is a story that goes beyond the struggles of a teen-aged girl's life, but it also portrays themes of basic life. Themes like, "letting go" and "cultural differences" apply to almost all people in one way or another. For that reason, Preciousness is not just a story about a young girl's life, but it's a story about all of our lives. Throughout the story, the reader is presented with a series of conflicts the girl faces. Her main problem was that she had a problem with men and boys. She felt that they were evil and only wanted one thing. I feel that she lived in her own world, where she made all the rules. "...she swallowed her coffee which the maid, scratching herself in the gloom of the kitchen, had reheated. She scarcely touched the bread which the butter failed to soften."1 This was extremely unhealthy for her, physically and mentally. Not eating healthily will make a person weak and can lead to many diseases. She did this to have men and boys avoid her, which was also unhealthy. Man or woman, one cannot avoid life and its people. I don't feel it is possible to be psychologically fit if a person cannot interact with a certain group because of a fear they have. Being scared of a certain person in that group is normal, but the entire group is a bit extreme. Life is a learning experience, but you can't fully experience life if you avoid certain things in it. One has to face reality at some point in life, it can be done the easy way, by accepting reality, or done the hard way, by denying the truth. The main character of the story decided that it would be better if she did things the hard way. The rising action, when the two boys were approaching here on an early morning, lead to a major problem. At the climax, the two boys groped the girl. At that moment, her bubble, malignantly protecting her from the world of reality, exploded. The destruction of her bubble led to an amazing revelation that changed her life. She was no longer a girl, but a young woman. I feel that this was when she started accepting the truth about life and about whom she had become. She then understood that you couldn't avoid life. I think that there was more than one main theme in this story. Prejudice, fear, and hate are three themes that can be closely linked together. These factors play a large role in the story and in our lives. Like the girl in the story, we tend to make assumptions about other people before we actually know it's true. The main character assumes that all men and boys want that one thing. She feels that it is her place to classify other people, in this case, men. "Afraid they would"say something to her," would look her up and down."2 Even though the men didn't care about her, she still had a fear of them. People fear what they don't understand and have no control over. The girl had no control over the men and boys, so she feared what they might say or do to her. She is fearful of putting trust into men, scared of how they might take advantage of that trust. As the days built up, she developed a hatred of men. She knew that they"knew." I believe that neither side really knew anything truly significant about each other. The girl couldn't have known what the men knew and what they were thinking. The men probably didn't know much about the girl either. I think that the girl surrounded herself in a bubble that was much worse than reality. Repression was also a very considerable theme. For the whole time, she repressed her true self. She tried to hide what she was becoming, which was a woman. She had to learn to let go of her childhood and start accepting the responsibilities of being older and more mature. This is something everyone has either gone through, is going through, or will go through in life. It's a force of nature, like a hurricane or earthquake. It happens when it wants to, all we can do is try to be as prepared for it as possible. There is nothing that can hold it back. This force will consume the old personality and bring out a new, more experienced personality. It's part of the life process

Visas de trabajo TN para profesionales mexicanos

Visas de trabajo TN para profesionales mexicanos Estados Unidos ofrece visas de trabajo exclusivamente para profesionales mexicanos y canadienses. Estos visados se otorgan al amparo del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) o NAFTA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s. Requisitos para las visas TN 1. Ser mexicano y tener un pasaporte vigente. 2. Ser elegible para una visa. Si no se cumple este requisito, ser denegada. Tener un tà ­tulo de las profesiones que se pueden acoger a este tipo de visa. Tener una oferta de trabajo para empleo a tiempo completo o a tiempo parcial como un profesional de NAFTA. La oferta puede provenir de una empresa americana o de una extranjera que opere dentro de los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, est explà ­citamente prohibido el autoempleo. Profesiones para obtener la visa TN El listado completo lo publica NAFTA en su pgina oficial en el Apà ©ndice 1603.D.1. Este es el listado de 60 profesiones. En general se necesita tener un tà ­tulo universitario equivalente al Bachelor ´s Degree pero hay excepciones. (Estas agencias pueden validar en Estados Unidos los estudios cursados en Mà ©xico). Entre las profesiones destacan: abogados, arquitectos, bibliotecarios, especialistas en sistemas de computacià ³n, economistas, ingenieros, gerentes de hoteles, diseà ±adores industriales y de interiores, trabajadores sociales, enfermeras o asistentes de investigacià ³n en universidades.Obtener la visa Se realiza la solicitud a la Embajada americana en el DF o al consulado que corresponda. Se inicia el proceso rellenando digitalmente la forma DS-160 para hacer una cita para la entrevista y pagar los aranceles correspondientes para el visado (este dinero no se recupera si la visa es denegada). La cuota es la que corresponde a una visa dentro de la categorà ­a de â€Å"no inmigrante†, categorà ­a TN. En la entrevista se deber acudir con un pasaporte mexicano que expire al menos seis meses despuà ©s de la fecha inicial de expiracià ³n de la visa. Y se deber presentar la carta de empleo de la empresa que requiere al profesional mexicano. Tambià ©n se debern presentar todos los diplomas que acrediten estudios acadà ©micos y todos los documentos que sirvan para probar la experiencia profesional. Antes de acudir a la entrevista, verificar las reglas del consulado sobre el tiempo de antelacià ³n con el que uno debe presentarse. No llevar celular ni ropas de abrigo. Intentar llevar toda la documentacià ³n en un fà ³lder de plstico transparente. Y recordar que no se permite tomar fotos dentro de las oficinas consulares estadounidenses. No se necesita licencia para practicar una determinada profesià ³n en el estado al que se vaya a trabajar. Sin embargo, este requisito sà ­ que puede exigirse despuà ©s de obtener la visa y entrar en Estados Unidos, pero no en el momento de la entrevista para la visa. Este visado est catalogado como una visa â€Å"no inmigrante†. Si es concedida, se entrar en Estados Unidos donde en la frontera se sellar el formulario I-94 de registro de entrada y salida, y que debe conservarse durante toda la estancia en el paà ­s y entregarlo de vuelta a la salida. Validez de la visa La visa ser vlida por un mximo de tres aà ±os. El empleador podr pedir una extensià ³n presentando antes el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Naturalizacià ³n (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) el formulario I-129. Tener presente que la fecha mxima de estancia en EU no es la que seà ±ala la visa, sino la que est marcada en el I-94. Quedarse un dà ­a ms de la fecha mxima que se encuentra en el registro de entrada y salida equivale a quedarse sin estatus legal y a que la visa se anule de forma automtica.La extensià ³n de la estancia debe pedirse teniendo en cuenta la fecha del I-94, no la de la visa, para los casos en los que ambas no coinciden. Visa para familiares Se puede conceder una visa de acompaà ±ante para el cà ³nyuge y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. No es necesario que sean de nacionalidad mexicana. Los familiares podrn vivir en Estados Unidos y estudiar, pero no podrn trabajar. A tener en cuenta Muchas de las personas que pueden aplicar por una TN podrà ­an tambià ©n hacerlo por una H-1B, pero asà ­ se evitan problemas propios de este à ºltimo tipo de visas, como la loterà ­a cuando el nà ºmero de solicitantes es superior al de visados disponibles. A la hora de encontrar trabajo, en principio es ms fcil en los estados con una tasa de desempleo baja. Porque aunque en Estados Unidos hay en la actualidad una situacià ³n cercana en muchas regiones al pleno empleo, lo cierto es que hay grandes diferencias por estados en la situacià ³n econà ³mica y de empleo. Mexicanos y frontera Es posible para los mexicanos acelerar el paso de control migratorio en la frontera terrestre entre Mà ©xico y USA formando parte del programa SENTRI. Adems, el Global Entry permite tambià ©n hacer ms rpido el control de Inmigracià ³n en aeropuertos. Y por supuesto tambià ©n est la visa lser, tambià ©n conocida como de cruce que facilita el paso migratorio. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

How can a home corner in Key Stage 1 engage childrens communication Essay - 1

How can a home corner in Key Stage 1 engage childrens communication - Essay Example Bell took a practical approach to qualitative observation techniques. I found this really helpful; this gave me a good insight on conducting observation. This also made me aware of how often one should be recording what is happening; she says you have to decide this beforehand. I also become aware of the importance of my spatial position when I’m observing. An observer can never pass entirely unnoticed; one will have to discuss this with whoever is in charge, claims Bell (2005: 189). This chapter has many tips on how to structure your recordings, how to take down field notes, analyse and interpret data as well as preparation is very important, as charts and seating plans have to be prepared. In my opinion this chapter is very relevant to my study; this will help me to successfully carry out my research because now I am quite aware of the possibility of the structured approach to be criticized as being subjective and biased. The chapter also gives ideas on the how important planning is, structured or unstructured observations, criticism of qualitative data, advantages and disadvantages, keeping records, more so your interest in this content, recording, system of categories. In my judgment it was carefully written. This chapter closes with emphasises on incomplete tasks. Observations that have taken place and records that have been made; for instance, if you were observing a meeting and at the end you felt it was inadequate, you would need to analyse the reasons. Furthermore it sums up the important parts that were mentioned in the chapter in a checklist structure. This chapter describes and explains the strong relationship between early years teaching and knowledge about child development. It declares that the relationship between early teaching practices and developmental research is currently an improved domain of

How might the use of an approach such as Storyline promote learners' Essay

How might the use of an approach such as Storyline promote learners' creative potential - Essay Example According to Starko (2005: 39), even though a teacher gives a starting point, storylines motivate learners to improvise, create, or modify the original form. Children view and understand the world in a different way that adults do. Children’s emotional and imaginative potentials are much more enhanced than their logical or rational abilities (Kelner, 1993:52). While adults depend on knowledge and logic, children exercise creativity and play to discover and make sense of their world (Wagner, 1988:30). In this case, it is justifiable for teachers to take advantage of these two capabilities as a learning device. Storylines offer this opportunity, connecting the domain of imagination and play to the domain of knowledge and reason (Kelner, 1993: 61). Storylines encourage learners to become emotionally and physically engaged in learning and, as a result, to learn more productively (Edmiston, Encisco &King, 1987: 79). It allows learners to take part in a story, or to intermingle with an idea, character, or theme. In this fashion, storylines encourage a better grasp of material and improves learners’ creativity and understanding of texts (Thom, 2008: 33). ... Storylines endow learners a sense of control over their acquisition of knowledge as the educator exits the picture and enables learners to have the inner focus (Neelands, Baldwin & Fleming, 2003: 81). The creative character of storylines guarantees that children are the ones who make the decisions, taking a dynamic role in influencing and creating the learning episode (Taylor, 2000: 104). Hence, learners become determined and motivated. Ultimately, storylines can be a vital component of a general model of language arts. It fosters development in all domains of literacy and motivates children to apply language for important reasons. Element of Storylines, Storytelling, and Story Making There are several important elements of storylines: feedback, a secure setting, randomness, and structure (Beetlestone, 1998: 68). Learners want to receive both informal and formal feedback. Informal feedback is appropriate when a mentor reacts in a manner that is suitable to the role play; for instance , crying at sad events (Beetlestone, 1998: 68-69). Once a play is finished, the mentor can provide further formal feedback by understanding the experience with learners and identifying those aspects that were performed well. As learners become more acquainted with the practice of feedback, they are more capable of thinking about these experiences and to explain effective and less effective dramatic components (Skinner-Linnenberg, 1997: 50). Learners in time build up a critical skill and become expert in providing each other constructive feedback. Any form of creativity requires a particular extent of discovery and risk (Dickinson & Neelands, 2006: 19). Creativity is developed when the instructor

In what ways must leaders and leadership, including how they are Essay

In what ways must leaders and leadership, including how they are developed, still adapt to the demands of today - Essay Example Authority and position based leadership can be perceived to be a rather inadequate tool for aiding modern day leadership in effectively tackling the challenges that leaders face today. According to Heifetz (251), this form of leadership is now largely perceived to be the myth of the lone warrior: the rather solitary individual whose individual brilliance and heroism serve to enable him to effectively lead the way, in a flawed notion that reinforces the leader’s isolation. This form of leadership was most often seen to be a characteristic of the autocratic leadership style that saw the leader try to exert individual control over all individual decisions with minimal input from the various group members. This leadership style is also seen to typically requires that the autocratic leaders make choices that are seen to be primarily based on their own individual judgments and ideals while rarely accepting any advice from the followers as the leadership style basically involves auth oritarian, absolute control over a group of individuals (Gitman and McDaniel 162). While the leadership style can at times be beneficial in the case where decisions quickly need to be made without having to consult a large group of people, it is important for authoritative leaders to avoid being excessively dictatorial, bossy or controlling as this can result in various problems resulting in an impediment in their ability to efficiently adapt to the demands of today. Modern leadership is required to have the capacity of helping individuals learn a variety of new ways of solving, understanding and defining the often complex modern day problems and challenges that Heifetz (254) refers to as adaptive challenges. Heifetz, points out that the strategic challenge of modern leadership is seen to entail the giving back of work to people without being perceived to be abandoning them. If people are inadvertently overloaded, they will be seen to avoid learning while under-loading people will c ause them to grow complacent or too dependent. Our world is currently faced with a series of various adoptive challenges that are found to be fundamental issues that communities must learn how to effectively cope with regardless of the actual nature that leadership might happen to take in the next century. Leaders and leadership must adapt and effectively handle these challenges as these challenges are largely not static and new ones always appear. It is thus seen that modern leadership is required to bear the actual weight of problems for considerable time durations. The shouldering of the various uncertainties and pains of an institution or organization, and particularly so, in times of distress is seen to part of the modern approach to leadership and can only be avoided at the institution’s peril (251). While the planned change theory with its premises of a deliberate decision being made to change, might have been appropriate and served to greatly aid leaders and leadershi p during the previous century, future leaders and leadership must essentially adopt the principles laid out in the unplanned change theory that will allow them to quickly react to their current environment and thus be able to adapt in an effective manner to the demands of

Analysis of Online Recruitment Process With TAM

Analysis of Online Recruitment Process With TAM ANALYSIS OF ONLINE RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR JOBSEEKERS USING TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL(TAM) 1) S.Munzarin, 2) A. Manimegalai 3) G. Latha, 4) B. Sindhuja ABSTRACT I.INTRODUCTION Today, online recruitment has become a major tool for many organizations. However, little is known about jobseekers reactions to this new technology. This article is aimed at developing a web-based and central recruitment Process system for the HR Group of the company. Some features of this system will be creating vacancies, storing application data, and Interview process initiation, Scheduling interviews, storing Interview results for the applicant and finally Hiring of the applicant. This online website provides jobseekers to register themselves by attending the registration exam. Reports may be required to be generated for the use of the HR group. This paper provides an insight for jobseekers on the effective use of e-recruitment website and strategy to attract potential jobseekers for employment in reducing the manual work of HR correcting the Test, Short-listing the candidates, Informing the candidates etc. Data gathered from 332 job applicants at System Group Corp. shows useful ness and perceived ease of use – as core constructs of TAM model – are two main factors that predict jobseekers behavioral intentions to use recruitment websites. Keywords:, Technology Acceptance Model, online recruitment, e-recruitment efficient usage, jobseekers, behavioral intentions. Nowadays, e-recruitment is a method to recruit potential employees; with over 90% of Fortune 500 companies using some form of online recruiting (Feldman Klaas, 2002). Job seekers are also conducting their searches online; with over 52 million Americans have used online job searches (Jansen, Jansen, and Spink, 2005). Online recruiting and hiring as a business tool has not only changed the way companies recruit employees and how job seekers search for jobs, it has also impacted both parties involved. If the effectiveness of an organizations web site in attracting potential employees is considered to be a crucial determinant of an organizations ability to generate qualified applicants (Willianson et al., 2003), identifying the factors that influence jobseekers attraction to organization website has to be a high priority.This fact was highlighted by a recent study of college students reporting that 26% of students rejected potential employers from job search consideration because of the poor design of their web sites (Karr, 2000). This paper attempts to use Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) introduced by Davis, (1989) – as one of the most successful models explaining the user/technology adaption – to identify some factors influencing jobseekers behavioral intentions in using e-recruitment websites. The findings of the current paper not only provides an insight for managers on the effective use of organizations recruitment websites but also, by providing a sound theore tical framework, would help to eliminate the shortcomings associated with former studies in the area of online recruitment. To begin our discussion, we first review the existing online recruitment literature. We then explain Technology Acceptance Model as our research framework, and introduce the related hypotheses. Finally, we explain the practical implications of the research, as well as our study limitations. 2. TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM) In IT literature, the TAM is the most influential model use to measure technology acceptance. This model is the extension of Ajzen and Fishbein’s Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), by Fred Davis and Richard Bagozzi (Bagozzi et al., 1992; Davis et al., 1989) to explain the computer-usage behavior. The main purpose of TAM was: to provide an explanation of the determinants of computer acceptance that is generally, capable of explaining user behavior across a broad range of end-user computing technologies and user populations, while at the same time being both parsimonious and theoretically justified (Davis et al., 1989, p. 985). Numerous empirical studies have found that TAM consistently explains a substantial proportion of the variance (about 40%) in usage intentions and behavior (Venkatesh and Bala, 2008), and TAM compares favorably with alternative models such as the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Venkatesh and Davis, 1996). As of December 2007, the Social Science Citation Index listed over 1,700 citations to the two journal articles that introduced TAM (Davis, 1989; Davis et al., 1989). TAM theorize that an individuals behavioral intention to use a system is determined by two beliefs: perceived usefulness, defined as the extent to which a person believes that using a system will enhance his or her job performance, and perceived ease of use, defined as the extent to which a person believes that using a system will be free of effort (Venkatesh and Davis, 1996). According to TAM, perceived usefulness is also influenced by perceived ease of use because, other things being equal, the easier the system is to use the more useful it can be(Venkatesh and Davis, 1996).Many researchers empirical studies have replicated and tested the model under different conditions for TAMs extended variables as general measures by explicitly including IT acceptance variables (e.g., Davis et al., 1992; Compeau and Higgins, 1995; Ma and Liu, 20 04). However, Davis et al. (1989) TAM assumes that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are of primary relevance for computer acceptance. In the next section, with a full introduction of these two core constructs of TAM perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness – the research hypotheses are presented and the research framework is explained. 2.1.1. Perceived Usefulness (PU) Perceived usefulness is defined here as the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance. Within an organizational context, people are generally reinforced for good performance by raises, promotions, bonuses, and other rewards (Pfeffer, 1982). A system high in perceived usefulness, in turn, is one for which a user believes in the existence of a positive use-performance relationship. Organizations recruitment websites often support jobseekers with comprehensive job information including, salary information, benefits, rewards, and organizational programs (Cober et al., 2000). Perceiving system usefulness as antecedent of e-recruitment utilization, such as using these information and tools to enhance the effectiveness of job application, would draw the attention of many employed jobseekers into adopting the technology for job search (Tong, 2008). 2.1.2. Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) Perceived ease of use, in contrast, refers to the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. This follows from the definition of ease: freedom from difficulty or great effort. All else being equal, we claim, an application perceived to be easier to use than another is more likely to be accepted by users. On the contrary, a complex system, that is difficult to use, is less likely to be adopted since it requires significant effort and interest on the part of the user (Teo, 2001). As perceived ease of use has an inverse relationship with the perceived complexity of use of the technology, it affects perceived usefulness. TAM thus posits that perceived usefulness is influenced by perceived ease of use (Sanchez- Franco and Roldan, 2005). Similarly, in the e-recruitment context, jobseekers would prefer the system if it is easy to use compared to other methods of job applications. 2.1.3. Behavioral Intention Bagozzi et al. (1992), believe that new technologies (e.g., recruitment websites) are complex, Thus, people form attitudes and intentions toward trying to learn to use the new technology prior to initiating efforts directed at using (Tong, 2008). Sanchez- Franco and Roldan (2005) study found that the relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention was strong among goal-directed users. Consequently, this study relates PEOU to PU and PU to BI with the following hypotheses: H1: Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) positively influences Perceived Usefulness (PU) in Erecruitment adoption. H2: Perceived Usefulness (PU) positively influences Behavioral Intention (BI) to use  organizations e-recruitment website. Therefore, given empirical tested studies of modified TAM and the significant causal link among the three constructs by previous researchers, the author attempts to use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test these highly validated studies with PEOU, PU, as independent variables and BI as the dependent variable  for this study. The research framework is also illustrated in Figure 1. Figure1. Research framework forjobseekers e-recruitment technology adoption 3. METHOD 3.1. Participants The participants of the study were 347 applicants for System Group Corp. While having more than 1200 employees, System Group Corp. is considered to be the biggest active organization in manufacturing software technologies in Iran. The data was gathered in a two-month period, during which 421 applicants logged on to the organizations website. From among these applicants, 347 questionnaires were gathered by the researcher, and at the end, a number of 332 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate 82%). The respondents of the study included 63 percent male, 73 percent single, and the majority of them ranged between 21 to 25 years old. Participation was completely anonymous and on a voluntary basis. 3.2. Procedure The researchers did not have access to the actual application data due to stringent privacy regulations. Rather, data on the measures were collected using an online questionnaire that was administered subsequent to the online application procedure. we will first describe the data that were collected as part of the application procedure followed by a description of the research questionnaire. 3.2.1. Application Procedure Applicants could search for positions on the System Group official website. Here, candidates could find general information on the organization and its conditions of employment. More specifically, information could be found on the organization’s culture, structure, development opportunities, and benefits. All applicants had to fill out an online form after they had accepted a privacy statement. The form consisted of information on contact details, date of birth, gender, education, and qualifications obtained from college, work experience, and skills. In addition, applicants had the opportunity to give additional information and to upload personal documents such as a curriculum vitae. 3.2.2. Research Questionnaire After completion and submission of the online application, a questionnaire was presented in a pop-up window on a separate web page. This questionnaire was also accessible via a link which could be found in an email confirming the receipt of the applicant’s online application. The confirmation email was sent immediately after the online application had been submitted. A short introductory text accompanied the link to the online survey. 3.2.3. Measures The questionnaire was preceded by a short introductory text. Anonymity and confidentiality of the participants’ responses were emphasized. It was explicitly mentioned that responses could not affect the selection process in any way and that the company did not have access to individual responses. It took respondents approximately 5 min to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire was offered in both Farsi and English languages. Translations were made from English to Farsi, which were checked by native speakers. All responses were assessed on the following five-point Likert scale (1=completely disagree, 3=neutral, and 5= completely agree), with the exception of items on general background information. The questionnaire was consist of 18 items. To assess behavioral intentions (BI) the measure of Tompson et al., (2008) were obtained. This construct was assessed by five items. Example item is I would like to work for this organization. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefu lness each assessed using five (Williamson et al., 2003) and eight (Palmer, 2002) items scales, respectively. Where applicable, the original wording computerized process was replaced by online application process for consistency throughout the questionnaire. Example items are My interaction with online application processes was clear and understandable; and The organizations recruitment website provides all the information required to apply for job. At the end of the survey, space was provided for remarks or suggestions and respondents were thanked for their participation. 3.2.4. Analysis The descriptive characteristics of the sample (Table 1) were assessed using SPSS 11.0 statistical package, based on the guidelines provided by Dimitriadis (2003). The research model (Figure 1) was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) using LISREL 8.7. As it has been suggested, the structural equation approach has several advantages over traditional analyses (Bagozzi and Yi, 1989). Data were analyzed using the two-step approach suggested by Anderson and Gerbing (1998) and. In the first step, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, which helps assess the adequacy of the measurement model (Chang, 1998), or in other words, [. . .] the measurement models (or confirmatory factor models) specify how hypothetical constructs are measured in terms of the observed variables (Lin and Lee, 2004). In the second step of the data analysis, the structural model is tested using SEM; structural equation models specify causal relationships among latent variables (Lin and Lee, 2004 ). 4. EXISTING SYSTEM In recent days, staffs are monitoring the candidates during the recruitment process which is nearly the waste of time. Currently all the jobseekers register for their jobs in prior which are stored in the database of the company due to which more space is consumed. After registration all the jobseekers attend the aptitude test and proceed further but only certain candidates are selected for the further process. Presently recruitment is done manually. That is if a company or organization needs employees they make an announcement through newspaper or websites. People who are eligible send application to the organization or company. From these applications they are called for interviews or tests. After tests company has to do short listing manually. From these shortlisted candidates, they are called for interviews. After interview short listed candidates are employed. So it’s all a time consuming procedure too. It may take one month or long. People around the world cannot apply. This is very convenient because in the manual system there are lot of difficulties in conducting and managing a recruitment exam, short listing, maintaining staff etc 5.PROPOSED SYSTEM Online Recruitment is aimed at developing a web-based and central recruitment Process system for the HR Group for a company. Some features of this system will be creating vacancies, storing application data, and Interview process initiation, Scheduling Interviews, Storing Interview results for the applicant and finally hiring of the applicant. Based on the outcome of the exam the jobseekers will be shortlisted. The details of the examination Date of the examination will be made available to them through the website. People all around the world can apply and register. It has made all the process easy. System Analysis is the detailed study of the various operations performed by the system and their relationships within and outside the system. Here we are using the TAM model for analysing the system performance. ADVANTAGES This paper enables the users to have the typical examination facilities and features at their disposal. It resolves typical issues of manual examination processes and activities into a controlled and closely monitored work flow in the architecture of the application. This multi platform solution brings in by default, the basic intelligence and immense possibilities for further extension of the application as required by the user. The system makes it friendly to distribute, share and manage the examination entities with higher efficiency and easiness. It is a comprehensive resource for finding a job online. 6. DISCUSSION In the final model of the study, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have strong path coefficients( 0.71 and 0.82 respectively) in relation with behavioral intentions. Thus, from a causal point of view, the results of structural equation modeling confirm a strong causal relation between PEU and PU in one hand, and PU and BI on the other hand. The linear relation between PU and BI suggests that the perceived usefulness construct has a direct positive effect on applicants behavioral intentions to use recruitment websites. 7.CONCLUSION In todays competing world, the success of recruitment efforts in organizations is bound with attracting an appropriate group of qualified job applicants using the least possible sources. E-recruitment – as a growing recruitment tool – is not an exception. Therefore, identifying factors that influence e-recruitment success in attracting the qualified group of applicants should be a high priority. Using a TAM model in the area of erecruitment, this study tried to identify two of the most influential factors on the applicants behavioral intentions to use organization recruitment website and the consequent employment decisions. 8. REFERENCES Kroustalis, C., (2012). Internet Recruitment: Examining the Roles of Information, Attitudes, and Perceived Fit on Applicant Attraction, A thesis presented to Graduate School of Clemson University, (P. Raymark, R. Pak, C. Pury Eds.), Proquest Information andLearning Company.37. Lin, H.; Lee, G. Chatzoglou, P.; Vraimaki, E. (2009), Knowledge-sharing behavior of bank employees in Greece, Business Process  Management Journal, 15 (2), 245-266. Venkatesh, V., Bala, H. (2008). Technology accpetance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. Decision Science , 39 (2), 273-315. Tong, D. (2008). A study of e-recruitment technology adoption in Malaysia. Industrial Management Data Systems , 109 (2),281-300. Thompson, L., Braddy, P., Wuensch, K.E-recruitment and the benefits of organizational web appeal. Computer in Human Behavior , 24, 2384-2398. Bock, G.; Kim, Y. (2002), Breaking the myths of rewards: an exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing, Information Resources Management Journal, 15 (2), 14-21. Bock, G.; Kim, Y, Breaking the myths of rewards: an exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing, Information Resources Management Journal, 15 (2), 14-21.

Community and the Individual in John Fords The Quiet Man Essay

Community and the Individual in John Ford's The Quiet Man John Ford's The Quiet Man is a romantic comedy that demonstrates Ford's world-view by way of symbolic visual devices as well as in the basic plot: the outsider being indoctrinated into a community through the gradual understanding of rituals and rites of passage, as well as the little nuances of everyday life. John Ford, a filmmaker with a strong Irish ancestry and pride in his roots, directed this film about the return of a retired boxer to the town of his birth, Innisfree; the plot is just the backbone of a film which is fleshed out by the ideas Ford expressed throughout all his films: the value and meaning of community, communicated with a unique dramatic rhythm. This dramatic rhythm follows a pattern of assertion -> resistance -> accommodation. Ford also uses many icons (specific visual imagery repeated throughout many of his films which have a consistent meaning and/or function for Ford) to express his ideas, such as the use of doorways, which represent a boundary between a safe area and a dangerous one, and the watching/waiting shot, which shows someone in the throes of hope or sorrow, and demonstrates homecomings or departures. Other icons found in the film, and the larger body of Ford's work, include the horizon shot, which shows the passage from one mode of life to another, and the parade/procession, which displays community harmony, usually used in a showing of community success. Also used is the reaction-shot, which serves to appraise the importance of a dramatic happening through the reactions of various characters, and lastly and very importantly, the shared imbibing of spirits, which is part of any sound celebration in Ford's world. The opening sce... ...mily makes life easier and more pleasurable. Ford uses his icons to show the passing from one situation or lifestyle into another (such as horizon shots: from the American life to the Irish, or from the single life into the married) or to show the community in harmony (processions/parades, and shared spirits). His unusual dramatic rhythm is felt on a larger level (Sean's assertion into the community, the resistance of Red Will and later Mary Kate, the accommodation of the donnybrook and the final dinner scene) as well as in each individual scene; this progression from assertion to resistance to accommodation, paired with the iconography, gives The Quiet Man a flavor and style all its own, and with the gorgeous Irish countryside as backdrop, the result is an essay on the ultimate ideal situation of community harmony and the individual sacrifice it takes to achieve it.

Compare the Structure and Function of Collagen and Haemoglobin Essay

Haemoglobin is a transport protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carries carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. In order to function most efficiently, haemoglobin needs to bind to oxygen tightly when the oxygen concentration is high in the lungs and be able to release oxygen rapidly in the relatively low partial pressure in the tissues. I will be comparing the structure and function of haemoglobin with the structure and function of collagen, which is a structural protein. Collagen’s functions are quite different from those of globular proteins such as enzymes; tough bundles of collagen called collagen fibers are a major component of the extracellular matrix that supports most tissues and gives cells structure from the outside. Collagen is also present in certain cells as it has great tensile strength, and is the main component of fascia, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone and teeth. Primary Structure; the number, type and sequence of amino acids The primary level of structure in a protein is the linear sequence of amino acids, formed by a condensation reaction. The primary structure of these proteins are very different. The haemoglobin molecule consists of four polypeptide (globin) chains, where as collagen is made up of three polypeptide chains wound round each other. In Haemoglobin there are a wide range of amino acid constituents in the primary structure, in contrast 35% of collagen’s primary structure is glycine. This difference in primary structure causes the proteins themselves to be different; due to the original different primary structure the haemoglobin protein is soluble in water whereas the collagen protein is not. Secondary structure; Formed when the chain of amino acid coils or folds to form an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet.  Haemoglobin is comprised of four polypeptide subunits, two with alpha helix secondary structure and two with beta pleated sheet form. All four components carry a heme group that can bind to oxygen, and all four components must be present to form haemoglobin. The shape of the haemaglobin affects its ability to carry oxygen, and travel freely throughout the circulatory system. Whereas Collagen’s secondary structure involves three strands of protein bonded together between the chains with hydrogen bonds  and then twisted into a helix that is referred to as a ‘collagen helix’. Tertiary structure; the final three dimensional shape of protein is formed when these coils and pleats coil or fold. Due to interactions between R-groups of the different amino acids. The tertiary structure or overall shape of collagen protein subunits is a helical chain. Due to the ways in which the amino acids are arranged the protein can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Soluble proteins, like haemoglobin will fold with the hydrophobic side on the inside and the hydrophilic side on the outside. As with all proteins the tertiary structure of each subunit is held in place by a number of bonds and interactions, these interation give the subunits and whole molecule very specific shapes, this is why haemoglobin and collagen differ so greatly in structure and in function as the shape of the molecule (due to the tertiary structure) is vital for the molecule to carry out its function. Quaternary structure; some proteins are made up of more than one polypeptide subunit joined together.   The quaternary structure of haemoglobin consists of four polypeptide subunits. Two are called alpha chains and two are called beta chains. The four subunits together form one haemoglobin molecule, which is water soluble. In comparison, The quaternary structure of collagen consists of three left-handed helices twisted into a right-handed coil. Fibrous proteins, like collagen contain polypeptide chains arranged in long strands or sheets, whereas globular proteins, like haemoglobin have polypeptide chains that are folded in a spherical shape. Due to the differences in structure of collagen and haemoglobin their shape and function also differ greatly. The triple helix structure of collagen gives the structure strength and therefore the function of collagen is to provide mechanical strength in many areas. Where as the presence of a prosthetic group, Haem, in the structure of haemoglobin means oxygen can bind to the iron. This means that one complete haemoglobin molecule can bind up to four

The Circulatory System Essays - Muscular System, Angiology

The Circulatory System Essays - Muscular System, Angiology The Circulatory System Forwards and backwards to the right and are at the same level of the fifth to eight dorsal vertebrae. The apex of the heart points downwards and forwards to the left and corresponds to the space between the fifth and sixth ribs. However, in thin people, the hearts apex may be pointing more downwards than to the left. Its atrial border corresponds to a line drawn across the sternum on a level with the upper border of the third costal cartilage. Its apex corresponds to a line drawn across the lower end of the same bone. Its upper surface is rounded and convex, directed upwards and forwards, which is formed mainly by the right ventricle and a part of the left ventricle. The back surface of the heart is flattened and rests upon the diaphragm. Of its two borders, the right is the longest and thinnest, the left is shorter but thicker and round. The muscles that make up the heart are known as cardiac muscles. Cardiac muscle only exists in the heart, not like skeletel muscle which is found in many parts of the body. Cardiac muscle fibers possess striations that are typical of skeletel muscle. However, they only respond to the autonomic nervous system and electrical commands that are generated from the heart. Skeletel muscle may have many nuclei, but cardiac muscle only has one nucleus. As well, cardiac muscle is very small compared to the larger skeletel muscle. As fitting with its duty, cardiac muscle has many mitochondria to convert food into energy faster than other muscles. Cardiac muscles communicate between junctions that are laid down between the muscles. They are called intercalated disks. Along certain points of the disks, cell membranes fuse together. The electrical current required to cause the muscles to contract pass through the cells easily and the adjoining cells will respond as well due to the intercalated disks. The cardiac muscle is really a large number of cells working together that function to act as a single cell. There are many proteins that give cardiac, as well as other muscles, to contract. Thin bundles of protein called myofibrils run the length of each fiber. Within the myofibrils are filaments (tiny threads of protein) that are arranged in a repeating pattern called a sarcomere. The filaments in each sacromere are made up of the proteins actin and myosin. Two clusters of actin are set in each end of the sacromere stretch towards the centre but do not touch. There are continuos threads of myosin located at the end of the sarcomere. The contraction can occur because of the region where the actin and myosin over lap each other. Small hooks on the myosin binds to the actin filaments and pull towards the centre of the sarcomere. This happens through the rapid ratchet-like actions of the myosin and actin pulling together. When the sarcomere pulls together, the fiber contracts and so does the muscle. In order for this to occur again, the sarcomere must be stretched out, which is caused by the blood re-entering the heart, expanding it. In an adult, the heart measures about five inches in length, three and a half inches in the broadest part of its horizontal diameter, and two and a half inches in its posterior. The average weight in the males is from ten to twelve ounces. In the female, the average weight is eight to ten ounces. The heart will continue to grow in size up to old age. This growth is more obvious in men than in women. The heart is subdivided by a muscle called the septum into two halves, which are named right and left according to their position. A muscle divides each half into two cavities. The upper cavity on each side is called the atria or auricle, and the lower side is called the ventricle. The right atrium and ventricle form the venous side of the heart. Dark venous blood is pumped into the right atrium from the entire body by the superior vena cava(SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), and the coronary sinus. From the right atrium, the blood passes into the right ventricle and from the right ventricle, through the

Economy and Trade of the Ancient Mayans

Economy and Trade of the Ancient Mayans The Ancient Maya civilization had an advanced trade system consisting of short, medium, and long trade routes and a robust market for a range of goods and materials. Modern researchers have made use of a variety of methods to understand the Maya economy, including evidence from excavations, illustrations on pottery, scientific â€Å"fingerprinting† of materials such as obsidian, and examination of historical documents. Currency The Maya did not use money in the modern sense. There was no universally accepted form of currency which could be used anywhere in the Maya region. Even valuable items, such as cacao seeds, salt, obsidian, or gold tended to vary in value from one region or city-state to another, often rising in value the farther away these items were from their source. There were two kinds of goods commercialized by the Maya: prestige items and subsistence items. Prestige items were things like jade, gold, copper, highly decorated pottery, ritual items, and any other less-practical item used as a status symbol by upper-class Maya. Subsistence items were those used on a daily basis, such as food, clothing, tools, basic pottery, salt, and so on. Subsistence Items Early Maya city-states tended to produce all of their own subsistence items. Basic agriculture - mostly production of corn, beans, and squash - was the daily task of the majority of the Maya population. Using basic slash-and-burn agriculture, Maya families would plant a series of fields which would be allowed to lie fallow at times. Basic items, such as pottery for cooking, were made in homes or in community workshops. Later on, as the Maya cities began to grow, they outstripped their food production and food trade increased. Other basic necessities, such as salt or stone tools, were produced in certain areas and then traded to places that lacked them. Some coastal communities were involved in the short-range trade of fish and other seafood. Prestige Items The Maya had a bustling trade in prestige items as early as the Middle Preclassic period (about 1000 B.C.). Different sites in the Maya region produced gold, jade, copper, obsidian, and other raw materials. Items made from these materials are found at nearly every major Maya site, indicating an extensive trade system. One example is the famous carved jade head of sun god Kinich Ahau, discovered at the Altun Ha archaeological site in present-day Belize. The nearest source of jade to this monument was many miles away in present-day Guatemala, near the Maya city of Quirigu. The Obsidian Trade Obsidian was a precious commodity to the Maya, who used it for adornments, weapons, and rituals. Of all of the trade items favored by the ancient Maya, obsidian is the most promising for reconstructing their trade routes and habits. Obsidian, or volcanic glass, was available at a handful of sites in the Maya world. It is much easier to trace obsidian to its source than other materials like gold. Obsidian from a particular site not only occasionally has a distinct color, like the greenish obsidian from Pachuca, but an examination of the chemical trace elements in any given sample can nearly always identify the region or even the specific quarry from which it was mined. Studies matching obsidian found in archaeological digs with its source have proven very valuable in reconstructing ancient Maya trade routes and patterns. Advances in the Study of Maya Economy Researchers continue to study the Maya trade and economy system. Studies are ongoing at Maya sites and new technology is being put to good use. Researchers working at the Yucatan site of Chunchucmil recently tested the soil in a large clearing long suspected of having been a market. They found a high concentration of chemical compounds, 40 times greater than in other samples taken nearby. This suggests that food was extensively traded there. The compounds can be explained by bits of biological material decomposing into the soil, leaving traces behind. Other researchers continue to work with obsidian artifacts in their reconstruction of trade routes. Lingering Questions Although dedicated researchers continue to learn more and more about the ancient Maya and their trading patterns and economy, many questions remain. The very nature of their trade is debated. Were the merchants taking their orders from the wealthy elite, going where they were told, and making the deals they were ordered to make  - or was there a free market system in effect? What sort of social status did talented artisans enjoy? Did the Maya trade networks collapse along with Maya society in general around 900 A.D.? These questions and more are debated and studied by modern scholars of the ancient Maya. The Maya and Trade Maya economy and trade remains one of the more mysterious aspects of Maya life. Research into the area has proven tricky, as the records left behind by the Maya themselves in terms of their trade are scarce. They tended to document their wars and the lives of their leaders much more completely than their trading patterns. Nevertheless, learning more about the economy and trading culture of the Maya can shed much light on their culture. What sort of material items did they value, and why? Did extensive trading for prestige items create a sort of middle class of traders and skilled artisans? As trade between city-states increased, did a cultural exchange - such as archaeological styles, worship of certain gods, or advances in agricultural techniques - also take place? Sources McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, July 17, 2006. Wilford, John Noble. Ancient Yucatn Soils Point to Maya Market, and Market Economy. The New York Times, January 8, 2008.

Disaster Recovery Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Disaster Recovery Plan - Term Paper Example This paper discusses disaster recovery plan in respect of Share Broking House. Disaster recovery plan in Share Broking House The disaster causing damages in an environment may be either temporary as in the case of Sandy storm or permanent as in the case of attack on World Trade Center. The planning for the latter one involves substantial capital investment for establishing the required facilities for continuity of the business in an alternative site. The geographical locations should be dispersed with sufficient distance between the head office and the alternate site proposed for disaster recovery plan. Disasters may be categorized into two types at company level based on the nature of damages: disaster causing damages to the system and disaster causing damages to the entire facilities and properties. Establishing disaster recovery system at a different site will take care of both the types of disasters. Since the business of share broking house under study is spread all over the cou ntry, the disaster recovery site should be away by more than 300 kilo meters from the head office, in another city which is not prone to earth quakes. Goals The important goals in installing the disaster recovery plan are given below: 1. Training the employees in the recovery activities anticipated. 2. Testing the system for compatibility in real-life situations. 3. Establishing the necessary back-up facilities to provide the best services at all times. 4. Putting alternate communication system in place in the event of disaster. 5. Mitigating the effects of the impacts in the event of disaster. Objectives 1. Ensuring normalcy in clearing and settlement operations in the business without loss of time. 2. Ensuring accessibility to staff for disaster recovery process. 3. Assessment of the financial and operational support needed for reporting to the banks and financial institutions. 4. Making arrangements for survey by insurance companies. 5. Coordination with the service providers and vendors in recovery process. 6. Early resumption of the disrupted business operations. 7. Keeping the customers informed of the situation. 8. Keeping the regulatory and local authorities informed of the extent of disaster and the progress of recovery process. Overview of the organization The organization needs to be studied and analyzed with particular reference to disaster management. The structure has been designed to meet the needs of the industry where the business is carried out online. There are more than 100 branches which are connected to the head office. There are more than 1000 terminals in head office and branch offices. The company appointed dealers place orders into the system as per the instructions received over phone or internet from the customers. Also, some of these terminals are allocated to the day traders for day-trading. The important tasks involved in the day-to-day operations can be classified into: 1) Buying and selling of shares and Securities including Fu tures and Options, 2) Transfer of Securities to the depositories, depository participants and customers, 3) Settlement of payments arising out of transactions

Business strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business strategy - Case Study Example Since this affluent market segment is very important for AFJ’s success, competition with international brands becomes a matter of great concern. In addition to these, Azza Fahmy also faces competition from small jewelry retailers. This is a mostly young, newly emerging small scale production competition. Even though they are not as organized or powerful as established brands or retailers, AFJ has to keep an eye out for them because they are very innovative in their designs and very nimble in their use of various market distribution channels like social networking websites. Azza Fahmy has gone through a massive restructuring process over the last few years in order to expand and remodel itself and consequently move toward the international jewelry market. For this the company has undertaken many steps in two main transitional phases. Azza Fahmy has decided to present her company to the international market as the ‘first Egyptian luxury brand’ and firmly establish the company locally and internationally. The steps taken during AFJ;s transition have been geared towards transforming the company from a small workshop with a small number of operating craftsmen into a full blown business organization. During this process, new departments vital to the functioning of any big business organization were added to AFJ, for example Human Resource Department, Marketing Department, Managing Department and Quality Control Department. Furthermore, Azza Fahmy’s two daughters also joined the business and took up important managerial positions, transfo rming the business into a family business. During the first part of the restructuring transition, Azza Fahmy opened a new factory in 2003. The company now has around 180 employees working under it with Azza Fahmy at the helm as the founder, CEO and head designer. The second phase of the transition was when one of Azza’s daughters

History- peasants in middle ages -book of hours Essay

History- peasants in middle ages -book of hours - Essay Example Those are good days. This morning, however, we all awoke and had to begin work without any food to prepare us for the long day ahead. My task for the day was to work on the land for the Lord of the manor, starting to plant some of the crops for the year ahead. My father died at the age of 27, but before this he was a skilled craftsman, carving all the tools necessary for the horses of the manor. It was said that he was the best of his age and many other Lords had tried to buy his services, but he died before I was born so I could not learn his skill. I am therefore relegated to mere farm work. It is cold today, as it is early Spring and my hands are so sore from the weather that it is hard to work quickly. It may mean a beating from the Lord as time is precious when it comes to crops, as the fertilization needs to start next week or the manor risks losing profit. I am wearing my best woollen tunic and have managed to wrap the animal skin I use for a blanket around me, but still the weather is bitingly cold and it is a relief to finally see the sun rise. After hours of work, which I can only estimate to be 8 from the pattern of the sun, it is time to head back to the stables to see what food I can find. The other serfs from the manor estate are there, and everyone seems pleased that the sun is shining and work seems to be going well. Even my work on the farm has sped up since my hands have thawed out with the arrival of some spring weather. There are even some scraps of meat to have with the bread for lunch, which makes this an unusual day but we all go back to work comparatively well-fed and work continues in much the same way as it had this morning. The sky falls dark after a few more hours of work, and I know this is a sign that I need only work for a few hours more. Using the moon as a guide, work begins to slow down as accurate planting is impossible. My mother is ill, so after

Service Request Essay Example for Free

Service Request Essay Section1 Complete Section 1 of the Service Request SR-rm-022 paper. Using the Service Request SR-rm-022, analyze the HR system. Prepare a 4- to 6-page paper that accomplishes the following: †¢What key stakeholders in Riordan Manufacturing would you gather requirements from? †¢Describe the information-gathering techniques and systems analysis tools you would propose for the project. †¢Identify the key factors that help ensure the information required for the project is gathered successfully. †¢Explain what project scope is and why it is important. Describe the areas of project feasibility that are examined in the analysis phase of the SCLC. †¢Cite and discuss 2 to 3 references, in addition to the required readings, that are relevant to the assignment. Include citations and references formatted consistent with APA guidelines. Submit Section 1 of the final paper. Note to Faculty: To assist faculty in scoring this benchmark assessment, scoring rubrics have been provided for Weeks 2-4 individual assignments. Please submit the completed scoring instrument into the Gradebook system with the student’s assignment grade. Faculty members are not required to use this instrument, and it may be adapted. Section2 Complete Section 2 of the Service Request SR-rm-022 paper. This week’s assignment incorporates the transition from analysis to design. Consider revising Section 1 based on faculty feedback. Note: The content of the Week Three assignment should not be changed because this assignment has been selected for the university’s Programmatic Assessment Project. As such, completed student assignments may be periodically sampled for program analysis purposes. Prepare a 4- to 6-page paper that includes the following: †¢Describe the application architecture and process design. Include a high-level description of the security controls you recommend for the design of this HR system. †¢Apply the tools of systems analysis to describe the information systems architecture in terms of data, processes, interfaces, and network. You can use a Microsoft ® Visio ®diagram to draw examples of flow charts, data flow diagrams, and any other design tools. †¢Cite and discuss 2 to 3 references, in addition to the required readings, that are relevant to  the assignment. Include citations and references formatted consistent with APA guidelines. Submit Section 2 of the paper. Note: To assist faculty in scoring this benchmark assessment, scoring rubrics have been provided for Weeks 2-4 individual assignments. Please submit the completed scoring instrument into the Gradebook system with the student’s assignment grade. Faculties are not required to use this instrument, and it may be adapted. Section 3 Complete Section 3 of the Service Request SR-rm-022 paper. This section incorporates the transition from design to implementation. Consider revising Sections 1 and 2 based on faculty feedback. Note: The content of the Week Four assignment should not be changed because this assignment has been selected for the university’s Programmatic Assessment Project. As such, completed student assignments may be periodically sampled for program analysis purposes. T Prepare a 4- to 6-page paper that accomplishes the following: †¢Describe the implementation stage for this project. †¢Include a discussion of the six major activities for the implementation stage as described in the text: Coding Testing Installation Documentation Training Support †¢Describe in the discussion of these six activities how each activity would be specifically planned for the individual project situation. †¢Discuss the benefits of using defined and repeatable processes for accomplishing these activities for the implementation stage. †¢Cite and discuss 2 to 3 references, in addition to the required readings, that are relevant to the assignment. Include citations and references formatted consistent with APA Guidelines. Compile Sections 1 through 3 into one final paper. Note: To assist faculty in scoring this benchmark assessment, scoring rubrics  have been provided for Weeks 2-4 individual assignments. Please submit the completed scoring instrument into the Gradebook system with the student’s assignment grade. Faculty members are not required to use this instrument, and it may be adapted.

Synthesis of a Potential Enzyme Inhibitor

Synthesis of a Potential Enzyme Inhibitor Delaram Salehifard Aim Synthesis and characterisation of Benzocaine. Introduction The Fischer esterification of 4-amino benzoic acid is catalysed by an acid is fully reversible. Method: 3g of 4-aminobenzoic acid was weighed out and placed into a dry 100cm3 round bottom flask (ensuring no residues are left inside the joint). 20 cm3 of methylated spirits was measured out and added to the 4-aminobenzoic acid in the round bottom flask. 3 cm3 of concentrated Sulfuric acid was measured out and added to the round bottom flask mixture (ensuring no residues are left on the joint), a condenser was fit onto the round bottom flask and the mixture was gently swirled. Using a heating mantle, the mixture was heated and upon boiling; refluxed for 30 minutes. At the end of reflux, the heat source was removed and the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Upon cooling, the mixture was gently stirred using a glass stirring rod and Sodium hydroxide solution (20%) was slowly added to the mixture until a neutral pH was attained. The mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes before the contents were poured into a beaker containing approximately 70 cm3 of ice, the reaction vessels was rinsed with distilled water and the washings were transferred into the beaker to reach an approximate volume of 150cm3. The product was filtered using a Buchner funnel (washed with some cold water) ensuring that the moisture is completely sucked out. The product was then transferred onto a watch glass and dried in an oven at a temperature no greater than 60oC. The dry mass was then noted and the product submitted for analysis. Steps1-10 were repeated using Isopropyl alcohol instead of Methylated spirits and the melting point for the product was attained. Mechanism of action Step one portrays the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen on 4-aminobenzoic acid where the Sulphuric acid acts as the H+ donor (the regeneration of this proton would establish the Sulphuric acid as a catalyst). This proton transfer results in a delocalisation of positive charge which gives rise to the presence of the three resonance structures portrayed in â€Å"step 1- resonance†. Of these three structures, the middle structure (where the positive charge is localised onto the carbon atom) allows for the esterification to proceed as its partial positive charge allows Nucleophilic attack by the Oxygen atom on Methanol; as seen in step two. Following this nucleophilic attack, a protonation and de-protonation occurs (which has a net effect of proton transfer) thus leading to the formation of a water molecule on the carbon atom which cleaves off in the hydrolysis in step 3. This hydrolysis results in a delocalisation of positive charge which gives rise to the presence of the three resonance structures portrayed in â€Å"step 4- resonance†. Of these structures, the middle structure where the positive charge is localised onto the carbon atom allows for a de-protonation to occur as the Hydrogen atom donates its electrons to the positive carbon thus neutralising the carbon and forming a double bond. This de-protonation also results in the regeneration of the Sulphuric acid proton which protonated the reactant in step 1 thus establishing Results Week one percentage yield: Mass of reactant: 3g Mass of product obtained: 2.38g RMM reactant: 137 RMM product: 165 Reactant/product moles: 0.022 Theoretical yield= 3.62g % Yield = (Actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100 = 65.75% Week two percentage yield: Mass of reactant: 3g Mass of product obtained: 2.79g RMM reactant: 137 RMM product: 179 Reactant/product moles: 0.022 Theoretical yield= 3.92 % Yield = (Actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100 = 71.18% Melting point: Experimental product 1MP: 85.9-88.4oC Literature product 1MP: 88-90oC Experimental product 2 MP: 83.5-84.1oC Literature product 2 MP: 84oC H NMR 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine 13CNMR 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine DEPT-135 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine Analysis The melting points for both products were average reading from three attempts and are reasonably within the literature range. This can be attributed to accurate measurements, clean utensils (thus avoiding impurities) and sufficient drying. At roughly 66% and 71% the percentage yields for products one and two respectively are reasonably low. This may be due to a number of problems such as, incomplete transfer of reactant into the reaction vessel, not transferring all of the reaction vessel washings for filtering, incorrect filtering technique where some product was allowed to pass through instead of being retained e.g. filtering too fast or incomplete transfer of the product from the filter paper after filtration. With reference to the HNMR tables, I have deduced corresponding H atom based on integration, splitting and chemical shift. The chemical shift of an atom depends on the extent of shielding it has, for example a H atom attached to an Oxygen (e.g. H atom number 6 on 4-amino benzoic acid) has less shielding due to the Oxygen atoms’ electronegativity whereas a H atom attached to a C atom has more shielding as carbon is not electronegative and in the case of H atoms number 2 and 3, they are also surrounded by other atoms which give them some shielding. I found locating H atoms 2 and 3 particularly tricky as their quintet splitting pattern and integration of 3 where very misleading however their chemical shift reaffirmed their identity as it is relatively to the left thus indicating a fair amount of shielding. With reference to the 13CNMR tables I was able to deduce the corresponding Carbon atoms based on two properties, chemical shift and peak height. The chemical shift (in accordance to the level of shielding/position of the C atoms) allowed me to locate peaks for carbonyl carbons (Carbon number 7 in both reactant and product) and more shielded carbon aand the height/integration of the peaks which corresponds to the number hydrogen atoms attached to the C atom in question. With reference to the DEPT-135 tables I was able to distinguish the difference between the C atoms in accordance with the different number of H attached to each C atom. This technique portrays CH and CH3 atoms as positively phased and CH2 atoms negatively phased. For atoms with the same phasing, I used the chemical shift ( as with 13 CNMR ) to distinguish between the C atoms in question. In this esterification, the product was maintained in a pH of 7-8. This was done in order to prevent a nucleophilic attack from hydroxide ions which would hydrolyse the product which and reverse the esterification thus converting the product back into the reactant. Rf values can be used to deduce the polarity of a molecule, where a low Rf value can indicate a polar molecule. This is based on how the molecule interacts with the mobile and stationary phases. For example; a low Rf value is a result of the molecule interacting with the polar stationary phase/silica and not travelling very far up the plate allowing us to deduce that its polar. Based on this theory and the fact that polarity increases with RMM; a larger molecule would be more polar and thus have a lower Rf. I would therefore predict that Isopropyl 4-Aminobenzoate would have a lower Rf value than Benzocaine due to its larger RMM making it more polar than Benzocaine. References UNCP. (2014). CNMR spectroscopy. Available: http://www2.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/courses/chm550/nmr_lec4.pdf. Last accessed 06/03/2014.Chemspider. (2014).4-Aminobenzoic acid.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/953. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).benzocaine.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.13854242.html?rid=752b9fda-5ccb-49f3-bf93-47ceb79356b4. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Jim Clark. (2002).THE MECHANISM FOR THE ACID CATALYSED HYDROLYSIS OF ESTERS.Available: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/catalysis/hydrolyse.html#top. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).4 aminobenzoic acid.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/953. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).Isopropyl 4-Aminobenzoate.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.78903.html. Last accessed 07/03/2014.